Topics:The course covers introductions to two disciplines: Quantum Mechanics and Solid State Physics. After the semester students should be able to understand the basic principles behind these two disciplines and solve some simple quantum mechanical and solid state physics problems. This will contribute to the understanding of the workings of modern electronics and nanotechnology. To follow the course no higher mathematics than algebra and the basics of the differential and integral calculus is required.
Detailed thematics:
Quantum Mechanics. Blackbody radiation, photoelectric effect, Compton effect, stability and line spectra of atoms, Frank-Hertz experiment, Time dependent and independent Schrödinger's equation, stationary states, wave function, "wave - particle duality", electron diffraction, two-slit experiment, uncertainty relations, electron wavefunction probability distribution in an atom, solving the Schrödinger equation, tunneling, the ammonia molecule, electron emission from metals, perturbation calculus, selection rules, operator calculus, eigenstate problems, measurement, quantum mechanics of the hydrogen atom, quantum numbers, H spectrum and selection rules, electron spin, Zeeman-effect, Stern-Gerlach experiment, spin-orbit coupling, atoms with more than one electron, the exclusion principle, indistinguishable particles, periodic table of elements, buildup of shells, Hund's rule, valence and core electrons, molecules, molecular orbitals, chemical bonding, H-H bond, H2+ molecule ion, bonding and anti-bonding states, orbital hybridisation, heteronuclear molecules, sp3 hybridization, rotation and vibration of molecules, Franck-Condon principle, Rayleigh and Raman scattering, Stokes and anti-Stokes scattering, Statistical physics. Classical and quantum statistics. Distribution functions, distinguishable and indistinguishable particles, photon gas, Einstein model, laser principle. Solid State Physics. Short and long range ordering, amorphous and crystalline solids, crystal
structures, lattices (point lattice and basis), symmetries and unit cells,
primitive, conventional and Wigner-Seitz cells, primitive vectors, Miller
indexes, Bravais lattices, close packing structures, reciprocal lattice,
k-space, X-ray diffraction, Laue formulae, classical physical models for
crystals: lattice vibrations, monatomic and diatomic linear chain model,
boundary conditions, form of the solution, dispersion relation, generalization
for 3 dim., QM handling of lattice vibrations, phonons, momentum and energy of
phonons, relative to the momentum and energy of Bloch electrons, specific heat
of solids, equipartition principle and the Debye model, specific heat from
electrons, conductors and insulators, band theory of solids, formation of
bands, insulators, conductors, real band structures, conduction models,Drude model, collision time, mean free path, Wiedmann-Franz law, Sommerfeld
model of metals, Fermi energy, electrons and holes, equivalence of electron and
hole conductivity in a completely filled band, metals with hole conduction,
work function, thermionic emission, contact potential, crystal potential,
double layer at the surface, Bloch functions, Hartree-Fock method, dispersion
relation, Brillouin zone, reduced zone picture, kinematics of electrons and
holes, Bloch oscillations, effective mass, tight binding model, semiconductors,
intrinsic conductivity, density of states in the conduction and valence bands,
position of the Fermi level, donors and acceptors, charge carrier
concentrations, extrinsic conductivity, Fermi level in doped semiconductors,
p-n junction, application of p-n junctions, diode, (MOS)FET, bipolar
transistors, Schottky and ohmic structures, characteristics.